The role of vitamin D deficiency and supplementation in onset and progression of diabetic nephropathy: A systematic review

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are linked to Vitamin D deficiency in the realm of diabetic nephropathy. Vitamin D3 and Vitamin D analogues are increasingly assessed to hinder the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Hence, vitamin D supplementation in combating the progression of diabetic nephropathy was focussed. Pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy is associated with oxidative stress and inflammation, regulated by nuclear receptors such as vitamin D receptor (VDR). Thus inhibiting progression underlies the molecular mechanistic mode of receptor based changes. Comprehensive analysis for mitigation of progression of diabetic nephropathy upon Vitamin D enrichment reveals potentiating benefits for retarding progression.