Prevalence and correlation of metabolic syndrome with chronic kidney disease in middle-aged adults

Abstract

Previous surveys suggest that obesity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus may be positively related to the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD), though this association might be influenced by metabolic syndrome. CKD has become a global health problem among aging populations, yet epidemiological information on middle-aged patients with metabolic syndrome remains scarce. This hospital-based cross-sectional study aimed to identify and validate novel biomarkers that predict CKD progression in middle-aged individuals with metabolic syndrome. The study included 317 participants aged 40–59 years, all of whom underwent standardized personal interviews, structured questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory blood tests. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the Cockcroft-Gault formula to predict CKD stages based on NKF-KDOQI guidelines. Our study revealed that metabolic syndrome was prevalent in more than half of the participants (54.2%) and increased with the worsening of CKD stages. Significant metabolic factors associated with CKD included waist circumference, fasting blood sugar, and triglycerides. Moreover, longer durations of diabetes mellitus and hypertension, particularly when combined, heightened the risk of CKD. Our findings indicate that metabolic syndrome is a major contributor to CKD, emphasizing the need for early detection and management of metabolic factors to prevent kidney damage in middle-aged populations.