Prevalence of syndrome Z among coronary artery disease patients attending a tertiary care hospital in south India

Abstract

Abstract

Introduction:

Metabolic Syndrome (MS) and Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) triggers the development of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). This study aims to estimate the prevalence of syndrome Z (Metabolic syndrome + Obstructive Sleep Apnea) among CAD patients

Materials and Methods: OSA was assessed based on modified Berlin questionnaire and metabolic syndrome was identified based on National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. Anthropometric assessment and blood pressure were recorded. Serum triglyceride, high density lipoprotein level (HDL) and fasting blood glucose levels were estimated.

Results:

Syndrome Z was prevalent among 51% of CAD subjects. The other groups were CAD only, CAD with MS and CAD with OSA. All data were compared using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison. Blood pressure, triglyceride and HDL showed significant F test ratio. Post hoc test showed CAD subjects with syndrome Z had significantly higher mean levels of systolic BP (140.30± 17.94) (p=0.001), diastolic BP (89.09± 11.82) (p=0.003), triglyceride (232.73± 107.71) (p=0.000) and HDL levels (33.22± 6.46) (p=0.000) compared to other groups.

Conclusion:

Concurrent presence of OSA and MS has adverse cardio-metabolic outcome. Identifying the presence of OSA and appropriate treatment at early stages can prevent the development of CAD to an extent