The current state of cervical diseases prevention in women of reproductive age taking into account the vaginal biocenosis – review

Abstract

In recent years, cervical pathology has taken a leading place in the structure of cancer in the whole world. The variety of pathological lesion forms of the lower part of internal genital organs requires a personalized approach to solving complex treatment tactics. The study of the ectopic columnar epithelium (ECE), which according to the literature, is about 40% and results from the ineffective treatment of previous cervical pathology, represents great interest on practical grounds in gynecology. At first glance, all benign processes do not occur as a significant cancer risk. However, they do significantly impact reproductive health and leave much to be discussed about treatment and prevention. According to most researchers, vaginal biocenosis is a complex micro-ecosystem, where the key role belongs to the vaginal microflora, which in turn changes dynamically during the cycle and age of women and depends on many factors: anatomical and histological structure of the genital area, immune response and others. The modern classification of benign cervical and vaginal tumors includes various conditions and diseases. Further observation and treatment require verification of squamous epithelial cells with atypia of unclear genesis, especially in women of reproductive age with HPV infection on the background of aberrant microbiocenosis of the vagina. Thus, in our opinion, the state of modern medical knowledge in the direction of expanding the study of disorders of the microbiocenosis of the vagina in the prevention of cervical oncological pathology is a promising study. Namely, the study of the interaction of micro- and macroorganisms among women of reproductive age with benign pathology under HPV load and different cytological pictures will allow to develop a mathematical model for predicting the pathological process progression and become a prerequisite for quality prevention.