Distribution and causal relationship of FTO rs9939609 and leptin rs7799039 nucleotide variants with type 2 diabetes in a subset of the Bangladeshi population

Mahbubur Rahman; Sabrina Islam; Abu Ashfaqur Sajib; Abdullah Al Emran; Gowranga Kumar Paul; Abul Kalam Azad Chowdhury; Colin Neil Alexander Palmer; Khandoker Mohammad Kaderi Kibria; Sabina Yeasmin

Mahbubur Rahman Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
Sabrina Islam Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Abu Ashfaqur Sajib Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Abdullah Al Emran Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
Gowranga Kumar Paul Department of Statistics, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
Abul Kalam Azad Chowdhury Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Colin Neil Alexander Palmer Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
Khandoker Mohammad Kaderi Kibria Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
Sabina Yeasmin Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Keywords: FTO, rs9939609, leptin, rs7799039, type 2 diabetes, BMI

Abstract

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder in which blood glucose level remains persistently higher than the physiologically normal range. Two important genes, namely fat mass and obesity-related gene (FTO) and Leptin (LEP), are involved with obesity and progression to diabetes. The aim of this study is to identify the underlying genetic make-up that predisposes individuals to T2DM, namely, rs9939609 and rs7799039 variants of FTO and LEP genes, respectively, were analyzed in a subset of the Bangladeshi population. DNA samples were collected from Blood samples, and the genetic polymorphisms were identified using allele-specific polymerase chain reactions (AS-PCR). The data collected by a standard questionnaire were then analyzed by SPSS for Windows. A total of 257 Bangladeshi individuals were included in the study, among whom 158 were T2DM patients, and 99 were non-diabetic healthy controls. Logistic regression analysis showed that the homozygous FTO rs9939609 variant genotype is significantly associated with type 2 diabetes (P=0.006) in the Bangladeshi population. Meanwhile, the Leptin rs7799039 variant is significantly associated with T2DM in males (P=0.006) but not in females. No association was observed for these variants with body mass index (BMI) and hypertension. The inheritance model analyses showed that the FTO co-dominant, dominant and recessive models are associated with T2D. The study revealed that the FTO rs9939609 variants have a significant role, and Leptin rs7799039 variants have a male-specific effect on T2D of Bangladeshi subjects.