Dietary intake and glutathione s-transferase (m1 and t1) variants in type 2 diabetes mellitus at USU hospital, Medan, Indonesia

Abstract

Background and Aims: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease caused by multifactorial, such as genetic and external factors, i.e. diet and lifestyle. This study aims to observe the differences of dietary intake T2DM patients in Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital (USU) Hospital, Medan, Indonesia based on glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) and T1 (GSTT1) variants. Material and Method: This study was conducted on T2DM patients that were recruited at USU Hospital, Medan, Indonesia. Dietary intake was recorded by 24-hours food recall and analyzed with Nutrisurvey 2007. Multiplex PCR was performed to analyze GSTM1 and GSTT1 variants. Results: This study showed mean of lipid intake (g), Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
lipid (%), % lipid (%), and protein intake (g), RDA protein (%), % protein (%) in GSTM1 null were greater than GSTM1 positive (37.02 ± 2.77 vs 23.68 ± 4.3, p < 0.05; 53.6 ± 4.01 vs 34.2 ± 6.23, p < 0.05; 26.17 ± 1.22 vs 16.33 ± 2.23, p < 0.05; and 50.11 ± 3.64 vs 49.86 ± 11.79, p > 0.05; 83.3 ± 6.04 vs 82.94 ± 19.61, p > 0.05; 16.8 ± 0.69 vs 14.6 ± 1.37, p > 0.05). In GSTT1 gene, the mean of lipid intake (g), RDA lipid (%), % lipid (%) was greater in GSTT1 null than GSTT1 positive (33.32 ± 3.92 vs 32.66 ± 2.84, p > 0.05; 48.24 ± 5.68 vs 47.24 ± 4.12, p > 0.05; 23.69 ± 1.78 vs 22.81 ± 1.77, p > 0.05). Conclusions: Lipid intake, RDA lipid, % lipids, carbohydrate intake in GSTM1 positive and null or mean of energy intake in GSTT1 positive and null were significant differences in T2DM patients at USU Hospital, Medan, Indonesia.