Association of glycaemic control with demographics, diabetes management information and body fat composition in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM): a need for multi-disciplinary management

Prabhath Matpady; Shreemathi Sureshramana Mayya; Arun Gundmi Maiya; Jeevan Kumar Shetty; Anupama Demlapura Shekarappa; Radhika Aditya Jadhav; Vijayalakshmi Sitandahi Bhojaraja; Shashikiran Umakanth

Prabhath Matpady Department of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
Shreemathi Sureshramana Mayya Department of Data Science, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
Arun Gundmi Maiya Department of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
Jeevan Kumar Shetty Department of Biochemistry & Anatomy, School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Medical University of Bahrain, Muharraq, Bahrain
Anupama Demlapura Shekarappa Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
Radhika Aditya Jadhav Department of Physiotherapy, Centre for Diabetic Foot Care and Research, Manipal College of Health Professions, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, India
Vijayalakshmi Sitandahi Bhojaraja Department of Biochemistry & Anatomy, School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Medical University of Bahrain, Muharraq, Bahrain
Shashikiran Umakanth Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal Campus), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India

Keywords: T2DM, anthropometry, body fat, glycaemic control, HbA1c

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic condition that can cause complications due to poor glycaemic control. The demographic characteristics, information related to DM and management, anthropometric variables, and the body fat composition of T2DM individuals are important factors influencing glycaemic control. This study was conducted to explore the association between glycaemic control and selected demographic characteristics, information on T2DM management, and body fat composition in T2DM patients. This cross-sectional survey amongst people with T2DM was conducted in the Udupi district of South India. A number of 467 participants were selected for the study using a simple random sampling technique. The survey included three parts: a questionnaire, an anthropometric and body fat composition measurement, and a biochemical assessment. The multivariate logistic regression model showed that not consulting the dietician (OR=6.074); the presence of complications (OR=2.955); visceral fat ≥10 (OR=2.037); non-compliance to exercise (OR=2.007); availing treatment from the private sector (OR=1.85); and non-consumption of traditional remedies (OR=1.651) were the associated factors to poor glycaemic control in T2DM patients. Not consulting dieticians, complications, non-compliance to exercise, not consuming traditional remedies, visceral fat ≥10 and availing treatment at private setup were the significant associated factors for the poor glycemic control.