Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: clinical and laboratory peculiarities
Abstract
This study aims to study the clinical-laboratory peculiarities of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) course in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). There were examined 60 patients with the coronavirus disease COVID-19. Patients were divided into two groups: group I – 30 patients with the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) with concomitant type 2 diabetes mellitus; group II – 30 patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) without diabetes mellitus; control group – 20 people. There were studied peculiarities of clinical-laboratory changes in patients with coronavirus disease with type 2 diabetes mellitus. General clinical laboratory tests, determination of biochemical parameters, coagulogram, ferritin, CRP, procalcitonin, D-dimer and endothelin-1 were performed. Blood saturation was measured. Out of the instrumental methods, an ultrasound examination of the lungs and RTG of thoracic organs was performed. Patients were admitted on the 5.46±0.87 day of the disease. The length of the hospital stay for patients of group I was 19.9±1.66 bed days and 14.7±0.91 bed days for the patients of group II. A severe course of the disease was observed in 83.3% of patients of group I and 33.3% of group II; a moderate severity course was observed in 16.7% of patients with concomitant DM and 66.7% of patients without concomitant DM. Respiratory failure (RF) of 1 degree was observed in 30% of patients of group 1, RF of the 2 degree – in 16.7% of patients, and RF of the 3 degree – in 10% of patients. In patients without DM, RF of 1 degree – was in 30% of patients, and RF of the 2 degree – was in 13.3% of patients. The laboratory diagnostic methods determined that the levels of leukocytes, D-dimer, endothelin-1, IL-6, procalcitonin, and ferritin were higher in patients with concomitant type 2 DM. In patients with type 2 DM, the course of the coronavirus disease is more severe and longer, with the development of pneumonia and respiratory failure. It is accompanied by leukocytosis, lymphopenia, increased ESR, prothrombin index, IL-6, CRP level, procalcitonin and endothelin-1.