Evaluating nutrient profiles of packaged foods in Peru pre- and post-introduction of front-of-pack warning labels, 2018–2021

Abstract

This study assessed differences in the nutritional labeling content of processed foods based on Peruvian regulations before and during the two implementation stages of Law 30021. A cross-sectional analysis of 1137 food labels collected between 2018 and 2021 was conducted, comparing nutritional information across three periods: pre-implementation (2018), first stage (2019–2020), and second stage (2021). Nutrient content variations were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, while changes in front-of-package labeling were assessed with the McNemar test. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 25, with significance set at p<0.05. The study found significant reductions in key nutrients over time, with total decreases of 3.4% in calories (p=0.001), 14% in sodium (p=0.001), 36.7% in sugar (p=0.001), and 9.2% in saturated fats (p=0.028). The introduction of front-of-package warning labels contributed to a 10–30% decline in high sodium, high sugar, and high saturated fat warnings in solid foods, except for trans-fat labeling, which remained unchanged (p=0.874). Among liquid ultra-processed foods, sugar content showed a notable 49% reduction during the initial implementation phase (p=0.01). These findings suggest that the implementation of Law 30021 in Peru has led to a decline in critical nutrient levels in processed foods, particularly in calories and saturated fats. Front-of-package warning labels play a role in improving nutritional profiles, potentially promoting healthier food choices. However, further research is necessary to assess long-term consumer behavior and health impacts.