Risk factors analysis of peripheral arterial disease in type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study

Nurul Fadhilah; Andi Makbul Aman; Idar Mappangara; Syakib Bakri; Haerani Rasyid; Arifin Seweng

Nurul Fadhilah Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4694-1511
Andi Makbul Aman Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
Idar Mappangara Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
Syakib Bakri Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
Haerani Rasyid Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
Arifin Seweng Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia

Keywords: type 2 Diabetes, peripheral arterial disease, risk factors

Abstract

Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) is characterized by the narrowing of the arteries in the upper and lower extremities due to the atherosclerotic process. The incidence and mortality rates of PAD are increasing, particularly among patients with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). The impact of T2D on PAD is associated with several risk factors. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between risk factors and PAD in patients with T2D. A Cross-sectional analytic study with total sampling was conducted at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital. The study samples were T2D patients who performed an Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) to determine PAD. Risk factors included age, gender, PAD, nutritional status, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, duration of T2D and glycemic control. Data analysis was conducted using Chi-square and multiple logistic regression tests. This study involved 170 patients with T2D who fulfilled the study’s eligibility criteria. In this study, there was a significant association between T2D and PAD in males (p=0.029), age >60 years (p=<0.001), had hypertension (p=0.009), smoking (P=0.001), duration of T2D >10 years (p=<0.001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that age >60 years (OR 3.3, 95%CI: 1.64–6.59, p=0.001), T2D duration >10 years (OR 3.3, 95%CI: 1.63–6.83. p=0.001) and smoking (OR 2.9, 95%CI: 1.41–6.09, p=0.004) were independently associated with the incidence of PAD. Risk factors associated with PAD in T2D are age, gender, hypertension, duration of T2D, and smoking. Age, duration of T2D and smoking significantly increased the incidence of PAD. The risk factors of dyslipidemia, BMI, and glycemic control have not been proven to play a role in the incidence of PAD in T2D.