Morphometric analysis of the structural changes in the venous bed of the testes in cases of diabetes and portal hypertension

Serhii Konovalenko; Myroslav Kritsak; Irina Dzevulska; Mykhailo Ihnatishchev; Rostyslav Kaminsky; Tetiana Gargula

Serhii Konovalenko Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Myroslav Kritsak Department of Surgery, Faculty of Postgraduate Education, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
Irina Dzevulska Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Mykhailo Ihnatishchev Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Rostyslav Kaminsky Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Tetiana Gargula Department of Operative Surgery and Clinical Anatomy, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine

Keywords: microcirculation, rats, histology, diabetes mellitus, gonads

Abstract

The subject of this study is the venous bed, which has been found to exhibit functional and structural changes in response to increased pressure in the portal system and metabolic disorders in diabetes mellitus in the testes. However, this area has been the subject of insufficient study. The aim of this study was to perform a morphometric analysis of the venous bed of the testes in conditions of portal hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The testes of 46 white male rats were morphologically studied and divided into four groups. The diameter of the postcapillary venules and venules of the left testis increased in portal hypertension by 8.9% (p<0.001) and venules by 10.7% (p<0.01), while in diabetes, the increase was 4.5%. (p<0.001) and 2.3% (p<0.05), and in combined lesions, respectively, increased by 9.8% (p<0.001) and 16.3% (p<0.01 The outer diameter of the venous vessels of the right testis in portal hypertension statistically significantly (p<0.001) increased by 5.2%, in experimental diabetes – by 2.8% (p<0.05), and in combined lesions – by 6.8% (p<0.001). Conversely, the internal diameter of the venous vessels of the right testis exhibited a marked increase of 8.1% (p<0.001) in the setting of portal hypertension, 4.4% (p<0.01) in diabetes, and a substantial 10.6% (p<0.001) in the presence of a combination of diseases. The height of venous vessel endothelial cells, the diameter of their nuclei, and the nuclear-cytoplasmic index of the right testis exhibited minor alterations in the modeled pathologies, thereby indicating the stability of structural cellular homeostasis. Diabetes mellitus has been observed to induce a pronounced structural alteration of the venous vascular bed of the testes, particularly when combined with portal hypertension.